ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES AND ASSESSOR DECISIONS - 2475 Words

ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES AND ASSESSOR DECISIONS (Research Paper Sample) Content: ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES AND ASSESSOR DECISIONS Student’s Name Course Professor’s Name University City (State) Date Assessment Strategies and Assessor Decisions Introduction The role of assessment strategies in nursing as in any other profession is of great significance to not only the assessor but also to the assessed. Since the nursing profession is practice-based, it is only prudent that a large part of the learning process and consequent assessment occurs in the clinical area (Bradshaw & Lowenstien 2011). Assessment sessions call for the participation of both the nurse and clinically based mentors or practice guides. An instructor is free to choose from an array of evaluation methods. The most commonly used assessment techniques include filling in questionnaires and conducting face-to-face interviews. During an evaluation, the mentor not only studies the nurse’s behavior but also seeks to understand the achievements and challeng es which they may have encountered during their stay in a health facility. Additionally, the frequency with which these sessions take place is solely determined by a mentor. However, it is prudent for such to be conducted as often as possible. It is especially meaningful if the assessor performs their study just after the nurse’s placement in an institution, in between placement, and after completion of their stay at a health facility. Students and mentors should indicate that they have spent adequate time with one another during this period for the assessment to make sense. A mentor should be friendly and patient with their students. Both parties should be at ease with each other so that it is possible to work harmoniously. The mentor’s accessibility is not limited to time but should also encompass emotional availability since the student-mentor relationship has a nurturing component. In addition, mentors should be role models. They should set the pace for their stude nts and other nursing professionals. If a guide is poor at time management, the same may rub off on their students. Although most mentors state availability as a significant challenge due to their busy schedules, it is important for them to organize for frequent face-to-face contact with their students. Such interactions will facilitate genuine and consistent that will enable the learners to capitalize on their strengths and strengthen their weaknesses. Students, on the other hand, should gladly partake in any assessments organized by their mentors. They should adhere to every correction that may be done during these visits. Nursing professionals, regardless of their years of practical experience, should be flexible and ready to learn in the ever dynamic health care system. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) has set up expectations for the assessment of learning in practice. According to the council, a mentor must have undertaken an approved mentorship preparation program. One must also attend and record an annual instructor update. The NMC instructor defines a registrant who has duly completed an NMC approved mentor development program. This mentor has achieved fully all the knowledge, competencies, and skills that are necessary for one to meet the outcomes that have been defined by NMC. The sign-off mentor, on the other hand, can make judgments about whether or not a student is proficient for safe and efficient practice. This determination will then dictate whether one has met the qualifications that are worth recording in the NMC register. More often than not, sign-off mentors carry out their assessment within the final module before completing the course (Lippincott & Wilkins 2008). In this essay, various assessment strategies will be brought to light. Additionally, the effect of the learning environment on the evaluation process will be discussed. Key Professional Standards of Nursing Learners Nursing learners and professionals alike are guided by a set of standards that they are expected to meet. These standards ensure that nursing staff and students understand, appreciate, and follow best practice in delivering healthcare services. Standard 1: Diagnostic Capabilities during Assessments This rule requires the nursing learner to conduct a comprehensive and relevant, holistic health assessment on a patient. For one to achieve this objective, classroom knowledge comes in handy. The typical nursing student should demonstrate an unrivaled mastery of knowledge in human sciences and health assessment (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). According to this standard, the student should demonstrate appropriate use of diagnostic tools. These diagnoses will form the basis for clinical decision making. Nursing mentors are especially critical in inculcating an economic sense of diagnostic tool selection to their students in addition to emphasizing clear communication with healthcare teams regarding exploratory findings and differential di agnoses. Additionally, diagnostic reasoning should not be dissociated from the formulation of a diagnosis. For that matter, an assessor will discern the capacity of the assessee to synthesize knowledge of developmental and life stages, psychopathology, environmental risks, and behavioral sciences, among others, during the diagnosis process. Reasoning regarding cost is also a welcome dimension in the diagnosis process (Nelson 2007). One should consider the expenses that a patient may incur and give cheaper and viable options where necessary. Standard 2: Evaluates Outcome and Improves Practice The nurse mentor should constantly monitor personal performance. Assessee nurses are required to deploy up-to-date and evidence-based information on therapeutic and clinically interventional pathways to the benefit of patients (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). Where possible, these nurses are required to consider a plan for appropriately ceasing or modifying treatment in case of any comp lications such as allergic reactions. Since medicine is progressive, it is prudent for nurses to be aware of latest discoveries in the industry. They should be active participants in research processes that advocate for the bridging of gaps in the provision of healthcare and services. In summary, it is the mentor’s role to clarify the learner’s depth and recency of knowledge regarding treatment modification, health protection and promotion, and injury prevention (Maville & Huerta 2008). To achieve this task, the assessor or teacher relies on the objective evaluation or critique of learner performance within the healthcare facilities or in delivering policy-sanctioned healthcare services. Standard 3: Plans Care and Engages Others The nursing professional is taught to appreciate and own the fact that patients are their personal responsibilities. They should, therefore, critically evaluate relevant research before making decisions that would benefit an individualâ€⠄¢s health. All decisions should be arrived at in an ethical manner as anything contrary is detrimental to a patient’s life. Since patients have a right to information on their progress, practicing professionals and their learning partners should allow them to make informed decisions throughout an episode. Here, the nurse mentor or advocate will be responsible for relaying timely and accurate information which will eventually guide their subsequent decisions (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). Standard 4: Implements Therapeutic Interventions Professionals should never abandon an opportunity to inform patients about their treatment, prognosis, and possible outcomes. When administering medication, they are expected to educate an individual on the name and importance of the drug. Additionally, any therapeutic interventions should be such that they are safely prescribed and accompanied with professional integrity and ethical conduct. The carer should willingly and accurately give relevant information concerning any therapeutic interventions. It should be such that a nurse maintains a professional relationship with the individuals at the center of care. This standard also calls for adherence to the federal, state, and other laws that govern the nursing training and professional practice (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). After diagnosis, the professional or student should be available to make the necessary follow-up concerning the patient’s progress. Follow-up should be done within the provided timeframe so that the patient is assured of a steady, speedy, and best possible recovery. It is imprudent for the typical nursing staff or student to abandon the person receiving care before they have fully regained their health. However, unavoidable circumstances such as scheduled patient transfers call for a thoroughly prepared patient history record to go with the transfer so that another nurse or clinician can make a timely follow-up (Zerwekh & Gar neau 2014). Key Issues in the Case Study In the case study, several issues come to light concerning the role and responsibilities of the nurse. These issues directly affect the quality of patient healthcare in different lights. Poor Time Management It is unfortunate that the learner nurse arrives for the interview half an hour later after the stipulated time. Surprisingly, the nurse is not apologetic, and it seems that on a typical day, she reports at around the same hour. Evidently, the assessee has no sense of prioritization as is evident when she attests to the fact that she took over the receptionist’s duties while the latter was away on a lunch break. It is an indication that she does not understand her role as a healthcare professional and the importance of efficiently utilizing her limited time and that of the staff that she works with. A healthcare facility staffed with nursing personnel that have no respect for time management is a recipe for an immitigable disa ster. The mentor alludes to as much when she points out that the time management and scheduling inad...

Intelligent Life on Other Planets - 2200 Words

Intelligent Life on Other Planets (Term Paper Sample) Content: Intelligent Life on Other PlanetsStudent's NameInstitution of LearningIntelligent Life on Other PlanetsAbstractOver years, scientists have discovered billions and billions of planets that mimics the nature of planet earth in all dimensions. These planets are equidistance from their sun as Earth is from its sun, and also they rotate and revolute in the same rate as the earth does. With this proven discovery, the question of the existence of other intelligence life like human beings has always raised a heated debate among the scientists. The evaluation of human origin has proven that other planets had formed at the same time as planet earth, and hence they possess a substantial evidence that life could have started there too. Scientists have also proven that the factors that contribute to living sustainability on earth may also be present on other planets due to equidistance and homogeneity like occurrence as planet earth. However, there is also negative sentiments on t he same; some scientists believe that planet earth formation was unique, and hence it may be the only planet with intelligent life. IntroductionAn intellectual life in the universe is a life that can perceive and have a high cognitive value not only to adapt to its environment but also to modify it to its specification. An example of intellectual life on the universe today is the human being who inhabit the planet earth. Human being are regarded as intellectual life as they have a high cognitive value that enable them to change the nature of their environment; they can even communicate and understand each other. Overs years, scientist, have always focused on the probability of other intellectual life existing on other planets across the universe. With the discovery of telescope, that enable human beings to explore the entire universe, there is always an agreement that other planets might also be holding intellectual life. There are a lot of similarities found in planet earth and tho se other planets that could support the argument of intellectual life sustainability (Hawking, 2007). This paper will argue, based on the existing knowledge of the intelligent life, why there might be other intelligent life existing on other planets other than planet earth.The Background Analysis of the Origin Intelligence LifeAn Analysis of How Intelligence Life Started On the Planet EarthThe origin of the whole universe is believed to have commenced after the big bang that broke a single component into many components of planetary bodies in approximately 15 billion years ago (Hawking, 2007). At the time of the big bang, the component that broke away started cooling rapidly and at the same time expanding forming several heavenly bodies. These heavenly bodies were made of protons and neutrons only, which were the most complex element that could exist in the hot temperature in this bodies. However, as these planetary bodies broke away from each other, in an ocean of billions and bill ions of them, they cooled further forming different components like the stars and planets.Ten billion years after the big band occurred, is when the solar system emerged. By the time of its formation, the galaxies of stars had been formed and there were already billions of them in the ocean of the planetary bodies (Hanson, 1998). The earth was from carbon material and nitrogen that had formed almost five billion before the solar system came into existence. There is a widely accepted belief among scientist that carbon and other heavy element found on earth may also have formed in millions of their planets.The life itself on earth is believed to have started immediately. A special form of carbon element called DNA which could reproduce to give rise to other bodies had already formed by the time the solar system came into existence (Hawking, 2007). Some scientists believe that the first DNA was formed outside earth because the estimated age of the first DNA is seven billion years from today. There is a greater chance that DNA came to either through collision or interaction with other planets.The DNA was the key to the formation of intellectual life on earth. The rate of reproduction on earth by the DNA is believed to have been accelerated by warm and most condition that planet earth offered. As a result, many organisms emerged who evolved over millions of years to form different organism found on earth today (NASA, 2015). The mammals also evolved which later formed the current human species.An Analysis of Possibility Origin of Intelligent Life on Other PlanetsUsing the analysis of the background of intellectual life on planet Earth, many scientists have argued that life must have also formed on other planets other than earth. They also believe that life in other plants may also have started billions of years even before the life on earth started because those planets had formed early. Unlike the solar system, other planets and their suns are believed to have form ed almost 10 billion ago (Hawking, 2007). Just like planets earth, all these planets had elements like carbon and nitrogen that support life on earth. In fact, the carbon and nitrogen are planets had also formed billions of years before the earth came into existence. These would mean that, there is a big chance, that living organism made of carbon element, just like human beings would also have formed in other planets.The time frame for the development of the intellectual life also presents a possible case of having more improved intellects in other plants than in planet earth. The truth is that humans have just developed in the last one million years ago. In fact, according to some scientists, human intellectual development have been active in the last ten thousand years only. These means that human race is in the early stages of intellectual development and are still evolving with time (Ball, 2003). If this argument is acceptable, then other planets that had formed billions of yea rs before the formation of planet earth, could also be having a more intellectual life than earth. It would be possible due to the time frame that those other intellectual lives have taken to form, which is much longer than the human race has been in existence.Another argument for the possible existence of life in other planets is the origin of carbon and DNA on planet earth. These special elements are believed to have existence even before planet earth and solar system came into existence. Planet Earth is a collection of high-density carbon elements that had already formed before it was forming. In that case, there is a proof that carbon exists in the universe. Additionally, the hypothetical argument that DNA could have originated from other planets aid on the argument of intellectual life existence beyond planet earth (Hanson, 1998). It is this DNA that replicated to produce RNA and even the human race, and hence that would also have happened on other planets too. The Analysis of Factors That Favours the Development of Intelligent LifeFactors Available on Planet Earth. Life on planet earth is supported by several factors that make it favourable for survival. From the origin of intellectual life to present times, the survival on the earth has always been favourable for more survival and more development of human being. The earth distance from its fun has been one of the most favourable factors that have ensured the intellectual life has been kept at a sustainable environment (NASA, 2015). This distance provides the sufficient heat that is much required for survival by humans; it also provide light energy that enables plants to produce food for the human race. It is also this distance that keep humans safe from over cooling that can cause freezing of the whole universe.The earth also has a rear compound that is water that provide their required moisture for the survival of the human race. Water is also the major element in human bodies and thus its existence i s inevitable for a planet to support any form of life (Ball, 2003). The same water also provides a raw material for the plant to produced food for the humans. Water for sure is a rare compound that is a must, for any intellectual survival in the universe.Other factors that make Earth home to billions of intellectual life is the air component that are present in the atmosphere. Different elements of gas in the atmospheres offer different support and protection to the human race. The oxygen is the primary gas the enable human to live. It is the only respiratory gas that enable the body to produce its energy to run all its organs. Apart from oxygen, the carbon dioxide is also important as it also enable plants to produce food that is used by humans (Hanson, 1998). Other rare and important element of the atmosphere is the ozone layer that is made up of special oxygen gases. These layers protect human from ultraviolet rays that can wash out the whole intellectual life on earth.Argument o f Existence of These Factors in Other PlanetsJust like the planet earth have favourable factors that support intellectual life existence, so do other several planets across the universe. First, there are millions of other planets across the world which resemble planet earth in all dimensions. These planets are equidistance from their suns surface to their surface, just like planet Earth is from its sun to the earth surface. They are also of the same size a planet earth, and they, in fact, rotates and resolute in the same rate as planet earth (Hanson, 1998). The unique similarity means that these planets offer the same environmental advantages of heat and warmness just like plant earth. In that case, then these planets are all capable of supporting life.Evidence have also shown that water is not a unique compound occurring on planet earth only. According to NASA reports, this special compound has been discovered on man... Intelligent Life on Other Planets - 2200 Words Intelligent Life on Other Planets (Term Paper Sample) Content: Intelligent Life on Other PlanetsStudent's NameInstitution of LearningIntelligent Life on Other PlanetsAbstractOver years, scientists have discovered billions and billions of planets that mimics the nature of planet earth in all dimensions. These planets are equidistance from their sun as Earth is from its sun, and also they rotate and revolute in the same rate as the earth does. With this proven discovery, the question of the existence of other intelligence life like human beings has always raised a heated debate among the scientists. The evaluation of human origin has proven that other planets had formed at the same time as planet earth, and hence they possess a substantial evidence that life could have started there too. Scientists have also proven that the factors that contribute to living sustainability on earth may also be present on other planets due to equidistance and homogeneity like occurrence as planet earth. However, there is also negative sentiments on t he same; some scientists believe that planet earth formation was unique, and hence it may be the only planet with intelligent life. IntroductionAn intellectual life in the universe is a life that can perceive and have a high cognitive value not only to adapt to its environment but also to modify it to its specification. An example of intellectual life on the universe today is the human being who inhabit the planet earth. Human being are regarded as intellectual life as they have a high cognitive value that enable them to change the nature of their environment; they can even communicate and understand each other. Overs years, scientist, have always focused on the probability of other intellectual life existing on other planets across the universe. With the discovery of telescope, that enable human beings to explore the entire universe, there is always an agreement that other planets might also be holding intellectual life. There are a lot of similarities found in planet earth and tho se other planets that could support the argument of intellectual life sustainability (Hawking, 2007). This paper will argue, based on the existing knowledge of the intelligent life, why there might be other intelligent life existing on other planets other than planet earth.The Background Analysis of the Origin Intelligence LifeAn Analysis of How Intelligence Life Started On the Planet EarthThe origin of the whole universe is believed to have commenced after the big bang that broke a single component into many components of planetary bodies in approximately 15 billion years ago (Hawking, 2007). At the time of the big bang, the component that broke away started cooling rapidly and at the same time expanding forming several heavenly bodies. These heavenly bodies were made of protons and neutrons only, which were the most complex element that could exist in the hot temperature in this bodies. However, as these planetary bodies broke away from each other, in an ocean of billions and bill ions of them, they cooled further forming different components like the stars and planets.Ten billion years after the big band occurred, is when the solar system emerged. By the time of its formation, the galaxies of stars had been formed and there were already billions of them in the ocean of the planetary bodies (Hanson, 1998). The earth was from carbon material and nitrogen that had formed almost five billion before the solar system came into existence. There is a widely accepted belief among scientist that carbon and other heavy element found on earth may also have formed in millions of their planets.The life itself on earth is believed to have started immediately. A special form of carbon element called DNA which could reproduce to give rise to other bodies had already formed by the time the solar system came into existence (Hawking, 2007). Some scientists believe that the first DNA was formed outside earth because the estimated age of the first DNA is seven billion years from today. There is a greater chance that DNA came to either through collision or interaction with other planets.The DNA was the key to the formation of intellectual life on earth. The rate of reproduction on earth by the DNA is believed to have been accelerated by warm and most condition that planet earth offered. As a result, many organisms emerged who evolved over millions of years to form different organism found on earth today (NASA, 2015). The mammals also evolved which later formed the current human species.An Analysis of Possibility Origin of Intelligent Life on Other PlanetsUsing the analysis of the background of intellectual life on planet Earth, many scientists have argued that life must have also formed on other planets other than earth. They also believe that life in other plants may also have started billions of years even before the life on earth started because those planets had formed early. Unlike the solar system, other planets and their suns are believed to have form ed almost 10 billion ago (Hawking, 2007). Just like planets earth, all these planets had elements like carbon and nitrogen that support life on earth. In fact, the carbon and nitrogen are planets had also formed billions of years before the earth came into existence. These would mean that, there is a big chance, that living organism made of carbon element, just like human beings would also have formed in other planets.The time frame for the development of the intellectual life also presents a possible case of having more improved intellects in other plants than in planet earth. The truth is that humans have just developed in the last one million years ago. In fact, according to some scientists, human intellectual development have been active in the last ten thousand years only. These means that human race is in the early stages of intellectual development and are still evolving with time (Ball, 2003). If this argument is acceptable, then other planets that had formed billions of yea rs before the formation of planet earth, could also be having a more intellectual life than earth. It would be possible due to the time frame that those other intellectual lives have taken to form, which is much longer than the human race has been in existence.Another argument for the possible existence of life in other planets is the origin of carbon and DNA on planet earth. These special elements are believed to have existence even before planet earth and solar system came into existence. Planet Earth is a collection of high-density carbon elements that had already formed before it was forming. In that case, there is a proof that carbon exists in the universe. Additionally, the hypothetical argument that DNA could have originated from other planets aid on the argument of intellectual life existence beyond planet earth (Hanson, 1998). It is this DNA that replicated to produce RNA and even the human race, and hence that would also have happened on other planets too. The Analysis of Factors That Favours the Development of Intelligent LifeFactors Available on Planet Earth. Life on planet earth is supported by several factors that make it favourable for survival. From the origin of intellectual life to present times, the survival on the earth has always been favourable for more survival and more development of human being. The earth distance from its fun has been one of the most favourable factors that have ensured the intellectual life has been kept at a sustainable environment (NASA, 2015). This distance provides the sufficient heat that is much required for survival by humans; it also provide light energy that enables plants to produce food for the human race. It is also this distance that keep humans safe from over cooling that can cause freezing of the whole universe.The earth also has a rear compound that is water that provide their required moisture for the survival of the human race. Water is also the major element in human bodies and thus its existence i s inevitable for a planet to support any form of life (Ball, 2003). The same water also provides a raw material for the plant to produced food for the humans. Water for sure is a rare compound that is a must, for any intellectual survival in the universe.Other factors that make Earth home to billions of intellectual life is the air component that are present in the atmosphere. Different elements of gas in the atmospheres offer different support and protection to the human race. The oxygen is the primary gas the enable human to live. It is the only respiratory gas that enable the body to produce its energy to run all its organs. Apart from oxygen, the carbon dioxide is also important as it also enable plants to produce food that is used by humans (Hanson, 1998). Other rare and important element of the atmosphere is the ozone layer that is made up of special oxygen gases. These layers protect human from ultraviolet rays that can wash out the whole intellectual life on earth.Argument o f Existence of These Factors in Other PlanetsJust like the planet earth have favourable factors that support intellectual life existence, so do other several planets across the universe. First, there are millions of other planets across the world which resemble planet earth in all dimensions. These planets are equidistance from their suns surface to their surface, just like planet Earth is from its sun to the earth surface. They are also of the same size a planet earth, and they, in fact, rotates and resolute in the same rate as planet earth (Hanson, 1998). The unique similarity means that these planets offer the same environmental advantages of heat and warmness just like plant earth. In that case, then these planets are all capable of supporting life.Evidence have also shown that water is not a unique compound occurring on planet earth only. According to NASA reports, this special compound has been discovered on man...